Santhal Clans & different surnames

SANTHAL CLANS

Based on Kherwal Vonsho Dhorom Puthi

The Santhals have 12 Clans. Each are further divided into number of subdivisions.
These clans are based on Santhal myth. According to which 7 sons & & daughters of Pilchu Haram and Pilchu Budi. They later married themselves forming 7 clans which later on became 12.

The 12 clans are Murmu, Hansda, Mardi, Soren, Hembram, Tudu, Kisku, Baskey, Besra, Chonde, Gondwar, Paanwariya.

1. Murmu : The one who restored all

1.       Jaat Murmu      2.       Chopya Murmu 3.       Chhapra Murmu 4.       Chandna Murmu 5.       Champa Baha Murmu 6.       Gaad Murmu

7.       Tika Murmu 8.       Baasho baha Murmu 9.       Handi Murmu 10.   Ovor Murmu 11.   Adwa Murmu 12.   Orval Murmu

13.   Khedowar Murmu, 14.   Bital Murmu 15.   Sada Murmu 16.   Kedwal Murmu 17.   Samah Murmu 18.   Haat Murmu

2. Hansda 

1.       Jaat Hansda 2.       Sikli Hansda 3.       Koda Hansda 4.       Tati jhari Hansda

5.       Handi Hansda 6.       Kanda Hansda 7.       Bin Chatom Hansda 8.       Singar Hansda

9.       Sada Hansda 10.   Chil binda Hansda 11.   Sindur Hansda 12.   Sirom Hansda

3. Mardi : The one who ground the horn

1.       Jaat Mardi 2.       Sada Mardi 3.       Rut Mardi 4.       Rotha Mardi 5.       Goda Mardi 6.       Kisand Mardi 7.       Handi Mardi

8.       Hesel Mardi 9.       Sona Mardi 10.   Miru Mardi 11.   Kedwar Mardi 12.   Mare Mardi 13.   Tika Mardi 14.   Sadom Mardi

15.   Judi Mardi 16.   Khanda Jagaw Mardi 17.   Mera Chakha Mardi 18.   Badoliya Mardi 19.   Tarop Mardi 20.   Lunuh Mardi

4. Soren : The one who killed the sunbird

1.       Jaat Soren 2.       Suich Soren 3.       Sada Soren 4.       Jugi Soren 5.       Baarsi Soren 6.       Barchi Soren

7.       Kada Soren 8.       Maal Soren 9.       Maad Soren 10.   Sidup Soren 11.   Bital Soren 12.    Binda Soren

13.   Mundu Soren 14.   Meral Jo Soren 15.   Turku Soren 16.   Handi Soren 17.   Sipahi Soren

5. Tudu : The one who killed an owl

1.       Tu-Shankar Tudu 2.       Jaat tudu Sada 3.       Lugdi Tudu 4.       Sannge Tudu 5.        Laat Tudu 6.        Godga Tudu 7.       Rasca Tudu

8.       Singar Tudu 9.       Chigi Tudu 10.   Aaagariya Tudu 11.   Buru Tudu 12.   Jugi Tudu 13.   Sonari Tudu 14.   Ah Tudu

15.   Lukay Tudu 16.   Haandi Tudu 17.   Aandela Tudu 18.   Kaawtiya Tudu 19.   Barchi Tudu 20.   Besoyer Tudu

6. Hembram : The one who carries a deer

1.       Jaat Hembram 2.       Hotil Hembram 3.       Sada Hembram 4.       Guwa Hembram 5.        Baasiya Hembram 6.       Gidi Hembram

7.       Kada Hembram 8.       Hedem Hembram 9.       Hudu Hembram 10.   Laaher Hembram 11.   BaadeLiwit Hembram 12.   Jugi Hembram

13.   Tika Hembram 14.   Hari Hembram 15.   Handi Hembram 16.   Ova Hembram 17.   Sondor Hembram 18.   Sona Hembram

7. Kisku : The one who killed a kingfisher

1.       Kikir Kisku 2.       Sada Kisku 3.       Tudaku Kisku 4.       Jaat Kisku 5.       Samanom Kisku 6.       Sona Kisku

7.       Bin Chatom Kisku 8.       Hurud Kisku 9.       Kada Kisku 10.   Kisand Kisku 11.   Bonga Chatom Kisku

12.   Bital Kisku 13.   Kiya Kisku 14.   Handi Kisku 15.   Sadom Kisku 16.   Rapaj Kisku

8. Baskey : The one who made a bundle of stale rice

1.       Jaat Baskey 2.       Laaher Baskey 3.        Barchi Baskey 4.       Sada Baskey 5.       Maare Baskey 6.        Sona Baskey 7.       Majhi Sili 8.       Baskey Jugi Baskey

9.       Tudku Baskey 10.   Setah Baske 11.   Tikin Baskey 12.   Gidi Baskey 13.   Naike khili Baskey 14.    Singar Baskey 15.   Goda Baskey

16.   Aayup Baskey 17.   Hola Baskey 18.   Kada Baskey 19.   Manjan Baskey 20.    Oda Baskey 21.   Tika Baskey 22.   Bindhad Baskey

9. Besra : The who carries a Umbrella

1.       Jaat Besra 2.       Tika Besra 3.       Tanda Besra 4.       Sada Besra 5.        Bayar Besra 6.       Bindad Besra 7.       Chaatom Besra

8.       Kada Besra 9.       Kahu Besra 10.   Sona Besra 11.   Saange Besra 12.   Gidi Besra 13.   Bonga Besra

14.    Goda Besra 15.   Jugi Besra 16.   Handi Besra 17.   Singar Besra 18.   Bonga Chatom Besra 19.   Chaare Besra

10. Chonde : The one who killed a lguana

1.       Sada Chonde 2.       Handi Chonde 3.       Tudku Chonde 4.       Majhi Khili Chonde

5.       Tika Chonde 6.       Bital Chonde 7.       Nai khili Chonde 8.        Haante Chonde

9.       Chandna Chonde 10.   Kada Chonde 11.   Gidi Chonde 12.    Sona Chonde

11. Gondwar

1.       Sada Gondwar 2.       Chandna Gondwar 3.       Gidi Gondwar 4.       Majhi Khili Gondwar

5.       Tudku Gondwar 6.       Tika Gondwar 7.       Nayke khili Gondwar 8.       Kada Gondwar

9.       Jaat Godwar 10.   Sindup Gondwar 11.   Sona Gondwar 12.    Roh lutur Gondwar

12. Paanwariya : The one who killed a dove

1.       Jaat Panwariya 2.       Judi Panwariya 3.       Bital Panwariya 4.       Majhi Khili Panwariya

5.       Tudku Panwariya 6.       Chandna Panwariya 7.       Nayke Khili Panwariya 8.       Kedwar Panwariya

9.       Ro Lutur Panwariya 10.   Sada Panwariya 11.   Handi Panwariya 12.   Obor Panwariya

Later , Gondwar merged with Hansda, Chonde with Soren

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Religious Conviction of Santhals

The Santhals have their own philosophy of religion. They believe in worshiping the mother nature. The nature provides them with food, forest, wood, shelter, water and resources for their livelihood.
They dont believe in idol , statue or temple for god and rather worship , folksings and dance to the nature.
Their religious placer 'jaher' is a Sal tree or group of Sal trees to which they their worships in a community.

"Bonga"

Santhal Gods are referred to as the "bonga" which is reverenced as the supernatural spirit/force/power which itself is a form of the nature.
Santhals are the nature worshiper,
assuming the nature as the form of their own life. In a way they worship and believe in all the natural resources around them which influence their livelihood they
respect it, worship it, sing folk songs for it and dance for it.

"Marangburu"

Marang buru is the most important spirit of Santhals.
The literal meaning of Marangburu is the Great Mountains. Marang means "the great" and buru means the "mountains".
The whole nature is Marangburu and it does'nt possess any fave, idol or statue. 

Da, hoy, dharti, sengel, dhiri ( the water, air, land, fire, rock) are the elements of the nature which belongs to the Marangburu.
Marangburu is worshiped in the
shape of nature. It is totally wrong to consider
him as ‘God’. In actual, this nature is
believed to be ‘Marangburu’ who gives them everything
rain, water, air, land, forest everything that is present in this nature  they use in their life and this is what where they show their gratitude, respect towards nature by worshiping, dancing and singing.
They worship ‘SUN’ who gives the light and energy and thus santhals call it ‘Sin Bonga’ . Sin means ‘Day’ or ‘Light’ and Bonga means
God in Santali .

The worshiping of the santhals is more Practical than a hokum or just a belief. Nature is the greatest strength of the earth as it created the human, creatures, and everything that is on earth. The nature and thus marang buru controls everything in on the earth . It can be considered as a supernatural power/spirit, thus the Sathals believe marangburu as a power or spirit which helps them and blesses their hardwork. It helps them through hard and though times like droughts or heavy rains and also blessess them with pleasant harvest and water.  It causes the disaster outrages, diseases, epidemics but on other hand blesses them with mercy and cure.

"Folksongs and Dances"

The folksong and dance of the Santals is not just a fanciful song sung
in rejoice, togetherness, and festive mood.
It is also an Elaboration and Explanation of natural phenomena and  its inexplicable
events, but a method of expressing inexplicable events
certain ways of thinking and
Feeling about the facts of life and how they are
interlinked with the almighty ‘Nature’.

In a gist nature is found everywhere in Santhal culture , let it be the rituals, dance, songs, worship, nature is involved and it deeply influence and expounds the convition of the Santhal community.

Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu the leader of the Santhal rebellion (1855–1856)

Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu
(statue)

Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu were the leader of

the Santhal rebellion (1855–1856), the native
rebellion in present-day Jharkhand.

Hailing from the village
Bhognadih in Sahibganj district , in eastern India
against both the British colonial and the
corrupt upper caste zamindars.

Before the British advent in India, Santals
resided in the districts of Cuttack , Dhalbhum ,
Manbhum , Barabhum, Chhotanagpur , Palamau,
Midnapur , Bankura and Birbhum . 

They were engaged in
their way of life by clearing the wild forest and hunting for subsistence and livelihood. 

But as the agents of
the new colonial rule claimed their rights on the lands
of the Santals, felt cheated and disgraced.

On 30 June 1855, two Santal rebel leaders, SidhuMurmu 

and Kanhu Murmu, mobilized about 50,000
Santals and declared a rebellion against British Raj.
The Santhal rebellion (sometimes referred to as the
Sonthal hool), commonly known as Santal Hool
was a native rebellion in present day.

Soon after the declaration the Santals took to arms.
In many villages the Zamindars, money lenders and
their operatives were put to death. The open rebellion
caught the British Government in surprise. Initially a
small contingent was sent to suppress the rebels but
it could not succeed and this further fueled the spirit
of the revolt. When the law and order situation was
getting out of hand the British Government finally
took a major step and sent in large number of troops
assisted by the local Zamindars and the Nawab of
Murshidabad to quell the Rebellion. British
Government had announced an award of Rs. 10,000
to arrest Sidhu and his brother Kanhu Murmu.
A number of skirmishes occurred after this which
resulted in large number of casualties for the Santals.
The primitive weapons of the Santals, weren't a
match against the musket and cannon firepower of
the British. Troop detachments from the 7th Native
Infantry Regiment, 40th Native Infantry and others
were called into action. Major skirmishes occurred
from July 1855 to January 1856, in places like
Kahalgaon, Suri, Raghunathpur, and Munkatora.

The revolt was brutally crushed, the two celebrated
leaders Seedo and Kanhu were killed. Elephants
supplied by the Nawab of Murshidabad were used to
demolish Santal huts and likewise profound atrocities
were committed by the British army in quenching the
Rebellion.

Of the 60,000-odd tribesmen who had been

mobilised in the rebellion, over 15,000 were killed, and
tens of villages were destroyed. They did not get
support of Gwalas (milkmen) and Lohars
(blacksmiths).
Although the Rebellion was crushed with a heavy
hand, some British army officers like Major Jervis
who observed-
"It was not war; they did not understand yielding. As
long as their national drum beat, the whole party
would stand, and allow themselves to be shot down.
Their arrows often killed our men, and so we had to
fire on them as long as they stood. When their drum
ceased, they would move off a quarter of a mile; then
their drums beat again, and they calmly stood till we
came up and poured a few volleys into them. There
was not a sepoy in the war who did not feel ashamed
of himself.

Charles Dickens in Household Words wrote-

"There seems also to be a sentiment of honour
among them (Santals); for it is said that they use
poisoned arrows in hunting, but never against their
foes. If this be the case- and we hear nothing of the
poisoned arrows in the recent conflicts,-they are
infinitely more respectable than our civilised enemy
the Russians, who would most likely consider such
forbearance as foolish, and declare that is not
war."

Although its impact was largely shadowed by that of
the other rebellion, the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the
legend of the Santal Rebellion lives on as a turning
point in Santal pride and identity. This was
reaffirmed, over a century and a half later with the
creation of the first tribal province in independent
India, Jharkhand .

Sidhu Kanhu Murmu University is named upon them.
Indian post also issued a ₹ 4 stamp in 2002
honouring them.

Sources:

1. Wikipedia

2. Historytution

Know the "Days and Months" in Santhali

Name of Days in Santhali

Name of Months in Santhali

Download 'Ol Chiki fonts" to your Computer

OL CHIKI FONTS
PACKAGE
[V-1.02]
Developed By -
N. C. Murmu &
R. C. Hansda

pic source: ncmurmu.tripod.com

you can download these fonts for free, from this
website.

Or

Click here to download the fonts

For using these fonts :

1. Unzip the downloaded zip file & extract it to your desired location. Now;

2. Go to your LOCAL DISK( C:)

where Operating system is installed, then click to WINDOWS folder and
next scroll down to the FONTS folder, in this folder copy & paste
the fonts.( i.e the fonts that you have downloaded.)

Source links:

www.wesanthals,tripod.com

Santhali Script ( Ol Chiki/ Ol cemet' )

Untill 20th century Santhali did not have a written language and just a dialect.
Santhali was either not written at all, or was just written in Bengali, Oriya, Devanagari or Roman script. The Christians missionaries prefer to write Santhali with Latin Alphabet.

Pandit Raghunath Murmu
Born on 5th May,1905 and expired on 1st February, 1982

The Ol Chiki script (also called Ol cemet or santali) was created by Pandit Raghunath  Murmu in 1920's which is spoken by about 5.8 million people in india, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
The alphabet was designed for southern dialect of Santhali spoken in the Mayurbhanj district of the Indian state of Orissa.















The script is an alphabet, i.e, consonants and vowels are each written with independent letters. It is written from left to right.

Ol Chiki is written in 30 letters; 6 vowels; 24 consonants.


Ol Chiki Vowels
   

Ol Chiki Consonants

Ol Chiki Diacritic

Ol Chiki Digits

"Pus Sakraat"

Whole India is celebrating the divine ritual of Makarsakraanti
Santhal tribal people are no different
they are celebrating "pus sakraat" festival of rejoice




Pus is a month in santhal calender. pus sakraat is celebrated at very last day of pus month.


throughtout the month of Pus santhal people enjoy going out to picnic to enjoy
some people might go to famous picnic spot cook and eat at places whereas some go in periphery of the village
like a riverbank and enjoy a picnic there.

some of the famous picnic spot are "Ajoydha hills, Mukutmonipur dam, Maithon dam"
(click to know more)


on the very day of Pus Sakraat people mostly men get early up in morning
getogether at riverbanks, lite fire and sing folk songs
some people especially children have bath in river and warm themselves around fire


 


"Tusu immersion" 

Tusu or tusu bunga ( tusu lord) are the form of decorated structures made
by the santhali women

they are made out of paper , colors, decorative materials, flowers etc
each one want them to be more attractive more colourful

even in some villages they hold competitions of tusu making

 on the day of Pus Sakraat "tusu structure" are worshiped

on early morning or eve they took them to any river an immerse it to it